Yii2.0 数据库操作增删改查详解


Yii2.0 数据库操作增删改查详解


1.简单查询:

one(): 根据查询结果返回查询的第一条记录。

all(): 根据查询结果返回所有记录。

count(): 返回记录的数量。

sum(): 返回指定列的总数。

average(): 返回指定列的平均值。

min(): 返回指定列的最小值。

max(): 返回指定列的最大值。

scalar(): 返回查询结果的第一行中的第一列的值。

column(): 返回查询结果中的第一列的值。

exists(): 返回一个值,该值指示查询结果是否有数据。

where(): 添加查询条件

with(): 该查询应执行的关系列表。

indexBy(): 根据索引的列的名称查询结果。

asArray(): 以数组的形式返回每条记录。

应用实例:

Customer::find()->one(); 此方法返回一条数据;

Customer::find()->all(); 此方法返回所有数据;

Customer::find()->count(); 此方法返回记录的数量;

Customer::find()->average(); 此方法返回指定列的平均值;

Customer::find()->min(); 此方法返回指定列的最小值 ;

Customer::find()->max(); 此方法返回指定列的最大值 ;

Customer::find()->scalar(); 此方法返回值的第一行第一列的查询结果;

Customer::find()->column(); 此方法返回查询结果中的第一列的值;

Customer::find()->exists(); 此方法返回一个值指示是否包含查询结果的数据行;

Customer::find()->asArray()->one(); 以数组形式返回一条数据;

Customer::find()->asArray()->all(); 以数组形式返回所有数据;

Customer::find()->where($condition)->asArray()->one(); 根据条件以数组形式返回一条数据;

Customer::find()->where($condition)->asArray()->all(); 根据条件以数组形式返回所有数据;

Customer::find()->where($condition)->asArray()->orderBy('id DESC')->all(); 根据条件以数组形式返回所有数据,并根据ID倒序;

2.关联查询:

ActiveRecord::hasOne():返回对应关系的单条记录

ActiveRecord::hasMany():返回对应关系的多条记录

应用实例:

//客户表Model:CustomerModel

//订单表Model:OrdersModel

//国家表Model:CountrysModel

//首先要建立表与表之间的关系

//在CustomerModel中添加与订单的关系

Class CustomerModel extends yiidbActiveRecord

{

...

public function getOrders()

{

//客户和订单是一对多的关系所以用hasMany

//此处OrdersModel在CustomerModel顶部别忘了加对应的命名空间

//id对应的是OrdersModel的id字段,order_id对应CustomerModel的order_id字段

return $this->hasMany(OrdersModel::className(), ['id'=>'order_id']);

}

public function getCountry()

{

//客户和国家是一对一的关系所以用hasOne

return $this->hasOne(CountrysModel::className(), ['id'=>'Country_id']);

}

....

}

// 查询客户与他们的订单和国家

CustomerModel::find()->with('orders', 'country')->all();

// 查询客户与他们的订单和订单的发货地址

CustomerModel::find()->with('orders.address')->all();

// 查询客户与他们的国家和状态为1的订单

CustomerModel::find()->with([

'orders' => function ($query) {

$query->andWhere('status = 1');

},

'country',

])->all();

注:with中的orders对应getOrders

常见问题:

在查询时加了->select();如下,要加上order_id,即关联的字段(比如:order_id)比如要在select中,否则会报错:undefined index order_id

// 查询客户与他们的订单和国家

CustomerModel::find()->select('order_id')->with('orders', 'country')->all();

findOne()和findAll():

// 查询key值为10的客户

$customer = Customer::findOne(10);

$customer = Customer::find()->where(['id' => 10])->one();

// 查询年龄为30,状态值为1的客户

$customer = Customer::findOne(['age' => 30, 'status' => 1]);

$customer = Customer::find()->where(['age' => 30, 'status' => 1])->one();

// 查询key值为10的所有客户

$customers = Customer::findAll(10);

$customers = Customer::find()->where(['id' => 10])->all();

// 查询key值为10,11,12的客户

$customers = Customer::findAll([10, 11, 12]);

$customers = Customer::find()->where(['id' => [10, 11, 12]])->all();

// 查询年龄为30,状态值为1的所有客户

$customers = Customer::findAll(['age' => 30, 'status' => 1]);

$customers = Customer::find()->where(['age' => 30, 'status' => 1])->all();

where()条件:

$customers = Customer::find()->where($cond)->all();

$cond写法举例:

// SQL: (type = 1) AND (status = 2).

$cond = ['type' => 1, 'status' => 2]

// SQL:(id IN (1, 2, 3)) AND (status = 2)

$cond = ['id' => [1, 2, 3], 'status' => 2]

//SQL:status IS NULL

$cond = ['status' => null]

[[and]]:将不同的条件组合在一起,用法举例:

//SQL:`id=1 AND id=2`

$cond = ['and', 'id=1', 'id=2']

//SQL:`type=1 AND (id=1 OR id=2)`

$cond = ['and', 'type=1', ['or', 'id=1', 'id=2']]

[[or]]:

//SQL:`(type IN (7, 8, 9) OR (id IN (1, 2, 3)))`

$cond = ['or', ['type' => [7, 8, 9]], ['id' => [1, 2, 3]]

[[not]]:

//SQL:`NOT (attribute IS NULL)`

$cond = ['not', ['attribute' => null]]

[[between]]: not between 用法相同

//SQL:`id BETWEEN 1 AND 10`

$cond = ['between', 'id', 1, 10]

[[in]]: not in 用法类似

//SQL:`id IN (1, 2, 3)`

$cond = ['in', 'id', [1, 2, 3]]

//IN条件也适用于多字段

$cond = ['in', ['id', 'name'], [['id' => 1, 'name' => 'foo'], ['id' => 2, 'name' => 'bar']]]

//也适用于内嵌sql语句

$cond = ['in', 'user_id', (new Query())->select('id')->from('users')->where(['active' => 1])]

[[like]]:

//SQL:`name LIKE '%tester%'`

$cond = ['like', 'name', 'tester']

//SQL:`name LIKE '%test%' AND name LIKE '%sample%'`

$cond = ['like', 'name', ['test', 'sample']]

//SQL:`name LIKE '%tester'`

$cond = ['like', 'name', '%tester', false]

[[exists]]: not exists用法类似

//SQL:EXISTS (SELECT "id" FROM "users" WHERE "active"=1)

$cond = ['exists', (new Query())->select('id')->from('users')->where(['active' => 1])]

此外,您可以指定任意运算符如下

//SQL:`id >= 10`

$cond = ['>=', 'id', 10]

//SQL:`id != 10`

$cond = ['!=', 'id', 10]

常用查询:

// WHERE admin_id >= 10 LIMIT 0,10

User::find()->select('*')->where(['>=', 'admin_id', 10])->offset(0)->limit(10)->all()

// SELECT `id`, (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM `user`) AS `count` FROM `post`

$subQuery = (new Query())->select('COUNT(*)')->from('user');

$query = (new Query())->select(['id', 'count' => $subQuery])->from('post');

// SELECT DISTINCT `user_id` ...

User::find()->select('user_id')->distinct();

更新:

//update();

//runValidation boolen 是否通过validate()校验字段 默认为true

//attributeNames array 需要更新的字段

$model->update($runValidation , $attributeNames);

//updateAll();

//update customer set status = 1 where status = 2

Customer::updateAll(['status' => 1], 'status = 2');

//update customer set status = 1 where status = 2 and uid = 1;

Customer::updateAll(['status' => 1], ['status'=> '2','uid'=>'1']);

删除:

$model = Customer::findOne($id);

$model->delete();

$model->deleteAll(['id'=>1]);

批量插入:

Yii::$app->db->createCommand()->batchInsert(UserModel::tableName(), ['user_id','username'], [

['1','test1'],

['2','test2'],

['3','test3'],

])->execute();

查看执行sql

//UserModel

$query = UserModel::find()->where(['status'=>1]);

echo $query->createCommand()->getRawSql();

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