HTTP客户端连接,选择HttpClient还是OkHttp?

写在前面

为什么会写这篇文章,起因于和朋友的聊天

HTTP客户端连接,选择HttpClient还是OkHttp?

这又触及到我的知识盲区了,首先来一波面向百度学习,直接根据关键字httpclient和okhttp的区别、性能比较进行搜索,没有找到想要的答案,于是就去overstackflow上看看是不是有人问过这个问题,果然不会让你失望的

HTTP客户端连接,选择HttpClient还是OkHttp?

所以从使用、性能、超时配置方面进行比较

使用

HttpClient和OkHttp一般用于调用其它服务,一般服务暴露出来的接口都为http,http常用请求类型就为GET、PUT、POST和DELETE,因此主要介绍这些请求类型的调用

HttpClient使用介绍

使用HttpClient发送请求主要分为以下几步骤:

  • 创建 CloseableHttpClient对象或CloseableHttpAsyncClient对象,前者同步,后者为异步
  • 创建Http请求对象
  • 调用execute方法执行请求,如果是异步请求在执行之前需调用start方法

创建连接:

CloseableHttpClienthttpClient=HttpClientBuilder.create().build();

该连接为同步连接

GET请求:

@Test
publicvoidtestGet()throwsIOException{
Stringapi="/api/files/1";
Stringurl=String.format("%s%s",BASE_URL,api);
HttpGethttpGet=newHttpGet(url);
CloseableHttpResponseresponse=httpClient.execute(httpGet);
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
}

使用HttpGet表示该连接为GET请求,HttpClient调用execute方法发送GET请求

PUT请求:

@Test
publicvoidtestPut()throwsIOException{
Stringapi="/api/user";
Stringurl=String.format("%s%s",BASE_URL,api);
HttpPuthttpPut=newHttpPut(url);
UserVOuserVO=UserVO.builder().name("h2t").id(16L).build();
httpPut.setHeader("Content-Type","application/json;charset=utf8");
httpPut.setEntity(newStringEntity(JSONObject.toJSONString(userVO),"UTF-8"));
CloseableHttpResponseresponse=httpClient.execute(httpPut);
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
}

POST请求:

添加对象

@Test
publicvoidtestPost()throwsIOException{
Stringapi="/api/user";
Stringurl=String.format("%s%s",BASE_URL,api);
HttpPosthttpPost=newHttpPost(url);
UserVOuserVO=UserVO.builder().name("h2t2").build();
httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type","application/json;charset=utf8");
httpPost.setEntity(newStringEntity(JSONObject.toJSONString(userVO),"UTF-8"));
CloseableHttpResponseresponse=httpClient.execute(httpPost);
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
}

该请求是一个创建对象的请求,需要传入一个json字符串

上传文件

@Test
publicvoidtestUpload1()throwsIOException{
Stringapi="/api/files/1";
Stringurl=String.format("%s%s",BASE_URL,api);
HttpPosthttpPost=newHttpPost(url);
Filefile=newFile("C:/Users/hetiantian/Desktop/学习/docker_practice.pdf");
FileBodyfileBody=newFileBody(file);
MultipartEntityBuilderbuilder=MultipartEntityBuilder.create();
builder.setMode(HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE);
builder.addPart("file",fileBody);//addPart上传文件
HttpEntityentity=builder.build();
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
CloseableHttpResponseresponse=httpClient.execute(httpPost);
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
}

通过addPart上传文件

DELETE请求:

@Test
publicvoidtestDelete()throwsIOException{
Stringapi="/api/user/12";
Stringurl=String.format("%s%s",BASE_URL,api);
HttpDeletehttpDelete=newHttpDelete(url);
CloseableHttpResponseresponse=httpClient.execute(httpDelete);
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
}

请求的取消:

@Test
publicvoidtestCancel()throwsIOException{
Stringapi="/api/files/1";
Stringurl=String.format("%s%s",BASE_URL,api);
HttpGethttpGet=newHttpGet(url);
httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);//设置超时时间
//测试连接的取消

longbegin=System.currentTimeMillis();
CloseableHttpResponseresponse=httpClient.execute(httpGet);
while(true){
if(System.currentTimeMillis()-begin>1000){
httpGet.abort();
System.out.println("taskcanceled");
break;
}
}

System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
}

调用abort方法取消请求 执行结果:

taskcanceled
cost8098msc
DisconnectedfromthetargetVM,address:'127.0.0.1:60549',transport:'socket'

java.net.SocketException:socketclosed...【省略】

OkHttp使用

使用OkHttp发送请求主要分为以下几步骤:

  • 创建OkHttpClient对象
  • 创建Request对象
  • 将Request 对象封装为Call
  • 通过Call 来执行同步或异步请求,调用execute方法同步执行,调用enqueue方法异步执行

创建连接:

privateOkHttpClientclient=newOkHttpClient();

GET请求:

@Test
publicvoidtestGet()throwsIOException{
Stringapi="/api/files/1";
Stringurl=String.format("%s%s",BASE_URL,api);
Requestrequest=newRequest.Builder()
.url(url)
.get()
.build();
finalCallcall=client.newCall(request);
Responseresponse=call.execute();
System.out.println(response.body().string());
}

PUT请求:

@Test
publicvoidtestPut()throwsIOException{
Stringapi="/api/user";
Stringurl=String.format("%s%s",BASE_URL,api);
//请求参数
UserVOuserVO=UserVO.builder().name("h2t").id(11L).build();
RequestBodyrequestBody=RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/json;charset=utf-8"),
JSONObject.toJSONString(userVO));
Requestrequest=newRequest.Builder()
.url(url)
.put(requestBody)
.build();
finalCallcall=client.newCall(request);
Responseresponse=call.execute();
System.out.println(response.body().string());
}

POST请求:

添加对象

@Test
publicvoidtestPost()throwsIOException{
Stringapi="/api/user";
Stringurl=String.format("%s%s",BASE_URL,api);
//请求参数
JSONObjectjson=newJSONObject();
json.put("name","hetiantian");
RequestBodyrequestBody=RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/json;charset=utf-8"),String.valueOf(json));
Requestrequest=newRequest.Builder()
.url(url)
.post(requestBody)//post请求
.build();
finalCallcall=client.newCall(request);
Responseresponse=call.execute();
System.out.println(response.body().string());
}

上传文件

@Test
publicvoidtestUpload()throwsIOException{
Stringapi="/api/files/1";
Stringurl=String.format("%s%s",BASE_URL,api);
RequestBodyrequestBody=newMultipartBody.Builder()
.setType(MultipartBody.FORM)
.addFormDataPart("file","docker_practice.pdf",
RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("multipart/form-data"),
newFile("C:/Users/hetiantian/Desktop/学习/docker_practice.pdf")))
.build();
Requestrequest=newRequest.Builder()
.url(url)
.post(requestBody)//默认为GET请求,可以不写
.build();
finalCallcall=client.newCall(request);
Responseresponse=call.execute();
System.out.println(response.body().string());
}

通过addFormDataPart方法模拟表单方式上传文件

DELETE请求:

@Test
publicvoidtestDelete()throwsIOException{
Stringurl=String.format("%s%s",BASE_URL,api);
//请求参数
Requestrequest=newRequest.Builder()
.url(url)
.delete()
.build();
finalCallcall=client.newCall(request);
Responseresponse=call.execute();
System.out.println(response.body().string());
}

请求的取消:

@Test
publicvoidtestCancelSysnc()throwsIOException{
Stringapi="/api/files/1";
Stringurl=String.format("%s%s",BASE_URL,api);
Requestrequest=newRequest.Builder()
.url(url)
.get()
.build();
finalCallcall=client.newCall(request);
Responseresponse=call.execute();
longstart=System.currentTimeMillis();
//测试连接的取消
while(true){
//1分钟获取不到结果就取消请求
if(System.currentTimeMillis()-start>1000){
call.cancel();
System.out.println("taskcanceled");
break;
}
}

System.out.println(response.body().string());
}

调用cancel方法进行取消 测试结果:

taskcanceled
cost9110msc

java.net.SocketException:socketclosed...【省略】

小结

OkHttp使用build模式创建对象来的更简洁一些,并且使用.post/.delete/.put/.get方法表示请求类型,不需要像HttpClient创建HttpGet、HttpPost等这些方法来创建请求类型

依赖包上,如果HttpClient需要发送异步请求、实现文件上传,需要额外的引入异步请求依赖

<!---文件上传-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpmime</artifactId>
<version>4.5.3</version>
</dependency>
<!--异步请求-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpasyncclient</artifactId>
<version>4.5.3</version>
</dependency>

请求的取消,HttpClient使用abort方法,OkHttp使用cancel方法,都挺简单的,如果使用的是异步client,则在抛出异常时调用取消请求的方法即可

超时设置

HttpClient超时设置:

在HttpClient4.3+版本以上,超时设置通过RequestConfig进行设置

privateCloseableHttpClienthttpClient=HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
privateRequestConfigrequestConfig=RequestConfig.custom()
.setSocketTimeout(60*1000)
.setConnectTimeout(60*1000).build();
Stringapi="/api/files/1";
Stringurl=String.format("%s%s",BASE_URL,api);
HttpGethttpGet=newHttpGet(url);
httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);//设置超时时间

超时时间是设置在请求类型HttpGet上,而不是HttpClient上

OkHttp超时设置:

直接在OkHttp上进行设置

privateOkHttpClientclient=newOkHttpClient.Builder()
.connectTimeout(60,TimeUnit.SECONDS)//设置连接超时时间
.readTimeout(60,TimeUnit.SECONDS)//设置读取超时时间
.build();

小结:

如果client是单例模式,HttpClient在设置超时方面来的更灵活,针对不同请求类型设置不同的超时时间,OkHttp一旦设置了超时时间,所有请求类型的超时时间也就确定

HttpClient和OkHttp性能比较

测试环境:

  • CPU 六核
  • 内存 8G
  • windows10

每种测试用例都测试五次,排除偶然性

client连接为单例:

HTTP客户端连接,选择HttpClient还是OkHttp?

client连接不为单例:

HTTP客户端连接,选择HttpClient还是OkHttp?

单例模式下,HttpClient的响应速度要更快一些,单位为毫秒,性能差异相差不大

非单例模式下,OkHttp的性能更好,HttpClient创建连接比较耗时,因为多数情况下这些资源都会写成单例模式,因此图一的测试结果更具有参考价值

总结

OkHttp和HttpClient在性能和使用上不分伯仲,根据实际业务选择即可

示例代码

https://github.com/TiantianUpup/http-call

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